![]() ![]() Genesis 29:35 and 49:8 connect the name "Judah" with the verb yada, meaning "praise", but scholars generally agree that the name of both the patriarch and the kingdom instead have a geographic origin-possibly referring to the gorges and ravines of the region. According to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe of Judah and the kingdom of Judah derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The term Jew is derived from Hebrew יְהוּדִי Yehudi, originally the term for the people of the Israelite kingdom of Judah. Name and etymologyįor a more comprehensive list, see List of Jewish ethnonyms. In these ways, Jews have also played a significant role in the development of Western culture. Jews wrote the Bible, founded Christianity, and had an indirect but profound influence on Islam. Jews have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields, both historically and in modern times, including in science and technology, philosophy, ethics, literature, politics, business, art, music, comedy, theatre, cinema, architecture, food, medicine, and religion. The modern State of Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. Since then, the population has slowly risen again, and as of 2018, was estimated to be at 14.6–17.8 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank, comprising less than 0.2 percent of the total world population. During World War II, approximately 6 million Jews throughout Europe were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Prior to World War II, the global Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million, representing around 0.7 percent of the world population at that time. In the following millennia, Jewish diaspora communities coalesced into three major ethnic subdivisions according to where their ancestors settled: the Ashkenazim ( Central and Eastern Europe), the Sephardim (initially in the Iberian Peninsula), and the Mizrahim ( Middle East and North Africa). ![]() The experience of life in the Jewish diaspora, from the Babylonian captivity and exile (though few sources mention this period in detail) to the Roman occupation and exile, and the historical relations between Jews and their homeland in the Levant thereafter became a major feature of Jewish history, identity, culture, and memory. Some consider that these Canaan-sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as the "Hebrews". The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold in the region with the emergence of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt appears to confirm the existence of an Israelite people in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE ( Late Bronze Age). Jews take their origins from a Southern Levantine national and religious group that arose towards the end of the second millennium BCE. Jewish ethnicity, nationhood, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people, although its observance varies from strict to none. ![]() Jews ( Hebrew: יְהוּדִים, ISO 259-2: Yehudim, Israeli pronunciation: ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group, nation or ethnos native to the Levant, originating from the ancient Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah. ![]()
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